Through our educational system, a sort of tyranny of introductory economics has permeated elite discourse for decades now. Economics deems itself a “value-free science.” Economist Robert Heilbroner tackled this issue, pointing out that “science exists to explain or clarify things that exist independently of the values of the observer. It is the study of…

Geopolitical strife? Let’s do a trade agreement! The latest version of this strategy involves Taiwan. China is a geopolitical concern; Taiwan is an ally; ergo, the United States should do a trade agreement with Taiwan, because it will reinforce economic relations between the two. Which two, though, is the question. Taiwan and the United States? Nope.…

Mr. Lewis was a civil rights icon. But he was also a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, and he had strong views on trade. Indeed, it is because of his views on civil rights that he had such strong views on trade. As he said in 2015: In a very few weeks,…

On June 30, 2020, the Senate Finance Trade Subcommittee held a hearing on Censorship as a Non-Tariff Barrier. It was a pleasure to testify. The hearing can be seen here, and my written testimony can be found here. My opening statement: My name is Beth Baltzan, and I am a fellow at the Open Markets…

Vice President Biden announced his intention to be one of the most progressive Presidents since FDR. What was FDR’s approach in the aftermath of the Depression? As the eponymous Roosevelt Institute has explained, “to restore the nation’s economic health FDR understood that he must do two things. First, re-establish the bond between the American people…

COVID-19 is exposing what many of us have known for a long time: our fealty to efficiency has left us dependent on a hostile authoritarian power for the supply of essentials, like medicines and medical equipment. TPP has been marketed for years as the antidote to the Chinese Communist Party’s mercantilist view of the world…

The trade establishment is looking for comfort as supply chain shocks upend confidence in the rules of the global trading system. They’re turning to the same playbook they used in the 1990s, arguing that tariffs, regulations, and export bans are the problem.   The supply chain shocks aren’t due to tariffs or regulations or export…

The question seems almost facile in a day and age when so many countries have so many trade agreements. But COVID-19 is leading to us to focus on aspects of globalization that have long been ignored. So let’s reevaluate the basics – like the purpose of these agreements. The Foreign Policy View The foreign policy…

We remember the Tariff Act of 1930 because it included the infamous Smoot-Hawley tariffs. But we should remember it for something much more important: it prohibited imports made with forced labor.  Back in the day, slave labor was seen principally as unfair competition, rather than as a matter of human rights. So the law included a “consumptive…

Trade agreements are supposed to be permanent because certainty promotes stability. Or so the thinking has been for the past few decades. The reaction when a sunset clause was included in the new NAFTA was almost uniformly one of horror: the instability of such a thing! The effects on investment! Trade flows! Peace! Prosperity! It’s…

COVID-19 has revealed something many of us already knew: our supply chains reflect a precarious dependence on the People’s Republic of China.  We don’t have enough testing kits; we don’t have enough masks; we don’t have enough ventilators. And as Congress is well aware, we are dependent on the PRC for all sorts of essential…

The House Ways and Means Committee held a hearing last Tuesday with two trade topics: the WTO Appellate Body and NAFTA 2.0.  The first half of the hearing was devoted to the Appellate Body, including both support for the U.S. government’s longstanding concerns over the flaws with the dispute settlement system, as well as a…

We’ve talked about one loophole in NAFTA called “de minimis.”  In addition to rules of origin that already allow a certain amount of content originating from outside the region, the original NAFTA contains a loophole that allows an extra 7% on top of it.  The Trump Administration, in a position completely at odds with its China…

The recent furor over the NBA, South Park, and the long arm of the Chinese Communist Party is giving the average American a much better understanding of Chinese government authoritarianism in action. Until now, the discussion about the relationship between China and the United States had been dominated by pearl-clutching over how much more dog…

Typically, trade agreement marketers rely on gains to GDP to explain why the agreements are worth doing. (Of course, in 2016 the U.S. International Trade Commission concluded that all these bilateral and regional trade agreements combined added a mere .2% per year to GDP.) Herein lies the conundrum: the existing NAFTA already provides duty-free treatment among…

On June 6, Inside Cybersecurity had a webinar of government and American industry voices to discuss Huawei, 5G, and cybersecurity.  The panelists’ main concern is the myriad ways hostile actors, including state actors, can exploit supply chains to engage in nefarious activities. Huawei, which has a prominent position in the race to 5G thanks to Chinese government…

Much has been made of the TPP and NAFTA chapters on state-owned enterprises (SOEs).  They are supposed to be forward-looking provisions that will put a dent in state capitalism.  But the premise is wrong, and so the response is wrong. The premise of the argument is that state capitalism is executed through SOEs.  In some…

According to Politico, a “coalition of free-market advocacy, business and nonprofit groups is urging the leaders of the Senate Finance Committee to press forward on new legislation curbing the president’s tariff authority.” Ah, the siren song of the free market.  But does anyone really think the global trading system is characterized by “free” markets?  A…

Donald Trump campaigned in part on the flaws in the auto rules of the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Much of his renegotiation of NAFTA has focused on tightening up those rules.  As this paper explains, he can rightly claim some credit for strengthening them. But there are nevertheless questions about whether those rules will work the way…

To situate the ongoing debate over trade, let’s take a look at some of the key takeaways from Judith Stein’s book Pivotal Decade: How the United States Traded Factories for Finance in the Seventies. Stein traces the evolution of American trade policy from Nixon to Clinton, and in particular she identifies choices that were made, across successive…